Structure/Anatomy of computer system

The structure of digital computer system consists of a five parts.

1.     CPU

2.     Input unit

3.     Output unit

4.     Memory unit

5.     Communication Interface

 

·        The CPU is the brain of the computer system and all the task are carried out inside the CPU.

·        All the other parts of the computer system are used to transfer data, store data and communicate with the CPU.

1.    CPU- (Central Processing Unit)

·        It stands for Central Processing Unit. It is also called as brain of computer system.

·        It directs all the parts of the computer system how to work.

·        All the calculation, manipulation and comparison are made by CPU.

·        It is responsible for active and controlling the operation perform by other unit of computer system.

·        It is consisting of three units these are ALU, MU, CU.

 

ALU- (Arithmetic & Logic Unit)

·        It is stands for Arithmetic and logic unit.

·        It can perform all the arithmetic and logical operation.

·        When the user enters the data or instruction in to the computer system then this data first store in the primary memory that is RAM.

·        Then the store data in the primary memory are transfer to the ALU for processing.

·        Then the ALU process the this enter data and generate result.

·        Then the result is transfer from ALU to the primary memory.

·        Then the result available in the primary memory are transfer to the output device for showing result to the user.

·        If the user saves this result in a computer then the computer stores this result in a storage device such as Hard disk, Floppy disk, Pen drive, Card reader, etc.

MU- (Memory Unit)

·        It stands for Memory Unit.

·        The memory unit is fitted inside the CPU and it is used to store data and instruction in a computer.

·        The memory unit is classified in to two types
1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory

·        The primary memory stores the data and instruction which are to be execute.

·        The secondary memory is used for the store the data and instruction permanently for future used.

CU- (Control unit)

·        It stands for Control Unit.

·        It controls all the operation of ALU and MU.

·        It controls and directs ho to get an accurate result with less time.

     1.    Input Unit/Device

·        The input device is the hardware component of the computer system.

·        These devices are used to enter the data and instruction in to a computer system.

·        An input device first converts the input data to its respective binary language (Machine language) that is 0 or 1 and then it transfers to the CPU for processing.

·        Some example of input device is Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner, Joystick, Track ball, Light pen, Web camera, Voice input & Recognition system, MICR, BCR, OMR, OCR, Card reader, etc.

     2.    Output Unit/Device

·        These are the hardware equipment of the computer system.

·        These devices are used to transfer data and information store in the computer memory in to a computer screen or transfer the result generate after processing in to a computer screen as a soft copy or printed format as a hard copy.

·        Some example of output devices is Printer, Monitor, Speaker, Projector, etc.

     3.    Storage Device/ Memory Unit

·        The storage device is used to store data and programs in a computer system.

·        The storage device is of two types.

·        1. Primary Storage device

·        2. Secondary Storage Device

            1.     Primary Storage Device:

·        The primary storage device is volatile memory because its contains are safe until system computer system is switch on but computer system is switch off then the contents of the primary memory are lost.

           2.     Secondary Storage Device:

·        The secondary storage device is used to store data and programs permanently for future used.

·        These devices are non-volatile in nature because the contents of secondary memory are not lost when computer system is switch off.

·        Some example of secondary device is Hard disk, Floppy disk, CD/DVD, Blue ray disk, ZIP disk, Magnetic dump, Magnetic tape, Pen drive, etc.

     4.    Communication Interface

·        These devices are used to establish the communication between two different computer system.

·        It is also called network adopter.

·        It is use to connect the network with the computer system.

·        Example- Network Interface Card.

Parts of a Computer System